I told you I'd do it, didn't I?
Okay, so it seems like none of my friends know much aboot Pokémon breeding. Pretty much just that it exists and is done by taking a compatible male and female Pokémon (or any Pokémon and Ditto) to the day care peeps and you get a new Pokémon of the same evolution line as the female. Welp, more to it that that.
Individual Values
First off, there's this thing called Individual Values, or IVs. Each of the six stats (HP, Attack, Defense, Special Attack, Special Defense, Speed) has its own IV, and they are all a random number from 0-31 for every Pokémon. What these IVs do is add (IV * 100 / Level) to the stat. As you can see by the formula, you don't even get the full effect until level 100, so it's not too noticable. But once you do reach level 100, your stat could be up to 31 points higher. That's basically like leveling up 15 more times (depending on species of Pokémon). You might have guessed that this is one of the reasons why Pokémon of the same species and level have different stats.
Natures
Another reason is the Pokémon's nature. Every nature increases a certain stat by 10% while also lowering another one by 10%. So try to aim for natures that bring out your Pokémon's strengths. Oh, and nature doesn't affect HP. Just the other five stats.
Effort Values
And the final determiner of stats are Effort Values, or EVs. This shit is hard to explain, but I'll do it anyway. Just like IVs, each stat has its own EV. You get EVs whenever you get experience points (so you can get them if you switch out or use exp share, but not if you are level 100). Every Pokémon you fight in the wild or in a trainer battle (excluding link battles and battle frontier) gives you a certain amount of EVs toward a certain stat. For example:
Fighting a Whismur gets you one EV toward HP
Fighting a Trapinch gives you one towards Attack
Spinda is one for Special Attack
Tentacool is one for Special Defense
Zigzagoon is one for Speed
Clamperl is one for Defense
Also note that some Pokémon (usually evolved forms) can give you two or three points toward a stat, or even one to a stat and one to another stat or some other combo like that. Okay, so what do EVs do? Well, like IVs, you don't see the full effect until level 100, but they give you one stat point for every four EVs on that stat. Your stats are updated when you level up, but not when using a Rare Candy. That's why you'll hear people saying rare candies are bad, but they're full of shit because you still get the stat points next time you level up in battle. Assuming you don't rare candy yourself to level 100, that is.
Oh, and guess what? There's a limit to how many EVs you can get. You can get up to 510 EVs, and once you get them all, the chick in Slateport city (in R/S/E) standing next to the vitamin salesman will give you a ribbon. (Or in D/P/P, the chick in the seal shop in Sunnyshore does the same thing) Also note that even though you could put all 510 EVs on one stat, it'll only give you stat points for the first 255. So you can only get 63 bonus points per stat, which is actually still really fucking good. But yeah, once you hit 252, train a different stat or the whole thing'll be a waste.
You might be pissed because getting 510 EVs is gonna take a long time. NAY, SIR! Each vitamin (Protein, Calcium, HP Up, Zinc, Carbos and Iron) gives you TEN EVs toward the stat it tells you. Note that they boost your EVs, not the base stat like they say they do. However, you can only use each vitamin until that stat's EV reaches 100, so use 10 vitamins and then battle for the rest of the EVs. Or just battle if you're patient enough.
Another way to quicken it is to equip your pokemans with the Macho Brace you get from fighting the four Winstrates in a row right above Mauville, or by using Itemfinder where Giovanni stood in his gym after you beat him in FR/LG. The Macho Brace doubles the EVs you get in battle. It also lowers your speed (in-battle only, not the actual stat), but really speed is useless anyway. Pokérus, too, doubles EVs if you can get it. I forget if you can use both to quadruple EVs or not, but I doubt it. Also, the Power _____ items introduced in Diamond, Pearl, and Platinum will give you an extra 4 EVs per battle in addition to whatever you'd normally get.
Techniques
That's all there is to EVs, THANK GOD. Now, what else is there? Oh, techniques. Yeah, you can also pass attacks down to baby Pokémon. If you have a TM or HM on the father and it's compatible with the baby, they get that. Certain attacks that AREN'T TMs/HMs can be taught even if the baby Pokémon doesn't usually learn it by itself. Like, I have a Raichu that knows Encore and a Gardevoir that knows Will-O-Wisp. These are called Egg Moves and you have to breed two different species to obtain them. Finally, if BOTH parents know the same move, even if it isn't a TM/HM/Egg Move, the baby'll learn that one, too. You can do that shit to teach the baby strong attacks at an early level, like passing down Hydro Pump to a newborn Mudkip or something. (Yes, Mudkip can learn Hydro Pump if you don't evolve it for a while).
Miscellaneous Hints & Tips
-If you teach a Pokémon the Hidden Power attack, its type and power will be calculated based on the Pokémon's IVs.
-From Emerald on, if you give the mother or a Ditto an Everstone, its offspring will have a 50% chance of inheriting its nature.
-Shiny Pokémon are fucking useless. They DO NOT have better stats that non-shiny Pokémon or anything. Seriously. Literally no effect.
-Get vitamins from the dude next to the ribbon chick (convenient, huh?), from Berry Crushing, or from the Battle Frontier.
I can make changes to this guide if necessary.
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